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Chlorinated Solvent Case Studies
Case Studies >
Chlorinated Solvents
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Active Dry Cleaners |
| Site Location: |
Atlanta,
Georgia |
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| Contamination: |
Average
Concentrations: Trichloroethene (117
mg/l);
Tetrachloroethene (1,444
mg/l);
and Cis-1,2-Dichloroethene (100
mg/l). |
| Geology: |
Sands in the
vadose and the saturated zones and fractured rock in the deeper zone. Depth to
groundwater is ~18 ft bgs; hydraulic conductivity is 5.9 ft/day. |
| Area Treated: |
~9,000 Sq. ft
total area. Target treatment zone ranged from ~2-18 ft bgs (unsaturated zone),
~18-55 ft bgs (saturated zone), and up to 80 ft bgs (fractured rock). |
| Effectiveness: |
83% reduction
of total VOCs site-wide after 1st treatment event, which improved to
89% reduction (except MW-29) after 2nd treatment event. |
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Naval Air Station |
| Site Location: |
Mechanicsburg, PA |
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| Contamination: |
Bedrock
aquifer impacted with VOCs, SVOCs, PAHs, PCBs and pesticides. Primary site COCs
include Chlorobenzene (817 mg/l), cis-1,2-Dichloroethene (1,673 mg/l),
1,4–Dichlorobenzene (51 mg/l), Vinyl Chloride (141mg/l) and Trichloroethene
(3,712 mg/l). |
| Geology: |
Clay and silt
extends from ground surface to 30 ft bgs underlain by fractured limestone
bedrock. Depth to groundwater is approx. 30 ft bgs; hydraulic conductivity is
between 4.3x10-4 cm/sec and 8.6x10-3 cm/sec. |
| Area Treated: |
Approx.
130,000 Sq. ft total area. Target treatment zone ranged from approx. 30 ft bgs
to 100 ft bgs within the fractured bedrock. |
| Effectiveness: |
Site-wide COC
reduction reached 88% for total VOCs, 53% for SVOCs and nearly 100% for PAHs
following completion of the pilot treatment program (2 injection events). Among
the 12 monitoring wells sampled, compliance of remedial goals (RGs) for
individual COCs has been achieved for cis-12-DCE and VC in 9 wells, for TCE in 7
wells, for aroclor 1260 in 10 wells and for 1,4-DCB in 11 wells. |
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Former Industrial Facility |
| Site Location: |
Eatontown, NJ |
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| Contamination: |
TCE, PCE,
cis-1,2-DCE, BTEX, and PCBs. Average Concentrations: GW VOC (75,204 mg/l); Soil
VOC (2,402 mg/kg); GW PCB (ND); and Soil PCB (4,095 mg/kg). |
| Geology: |
Sands and silt
from ground surface to a depth of ~45 ft bgs underlain by sandy clays. Depth to
groundwater is ~7-8 ft bgs; GW flow is moderate and to the north. |
| Area Treated: |
~32,600 Sq. ft total area. Target treatment zone ranged from
~5-20 ft bgs. |
| Effectiveness: |
For soil,
VOC reduction was achieved at 10 of 12 monitoring locations with reduction rates
ranging between 75% to greater than 99%. PCB reduction rates ranged from 35% to
greater than 99% at 10 of 12 locations. For GW, VOC reduction was
achieved in all 8 monitoring locations with reduction rates ranging from 70% to
greater than 99%. PCBs were present below detection limits in GW. Baseline
versus post-treatment mass calculations estimated an approximately 70,600 lbs
mass destruction in soils and groundwater within the target treatment area. |
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Former Air Force Base |
| Site Location: |
Rome, New York |
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| Contamination: |
Chlorobenzene
(CB), 1,2-dichlorobenzene(1,2-DCB), 1,3-dichlorobenzene(1,3-DCB),
1,4-dichlorobenzene(1,4-DCB). GW Average VOC Concentrations: CB (1,333 mg/l),
1,2-DCB (94 mg/l), 1,3-DCB (7 mg/l) and 1,4-DCB (111mg/l). |
| Geology: |
Silty sands
with minor quantities of clay, bedrock approximately 25 feet bgs. Depth to
groundwater is ~10-12 ft bgs; GW flow is moderate and to the southwest. |
| Area Treated: |
~8,000 Sq. ft
total area. Target treatment zone ranged from ~10-25 ft bgs. |
| Effectiveness: |
For GW,
VOC reduction was achieved at all monitoring locations with reduction rates
ranging between 39% to 99%. Average VOC concentrations were reduced by 78%.
Average concentrations of CB were treated from a baseline concentration of 1,333
µg/l to 263 µg/l. Conservative mass calculation estimated between 5.9 -10.5 lbs
VOC mass removal following Phase I and between 17.4 -17.6 lbs. of VOC mass
removal following Phase II. |
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Active Quarry Facility |
| Site Location: |
Sussex County, New
Jersey |
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| Contamination: |
1,4-Dichlorobenzene (341 ppb); 1,2-Dichlorobenzene (2,760 ppb); Naphthalene (279
ppb) |
| Geology: |
Fractured
bedrock underlying glacial overburden of 9-20 ft thick; water table is at
approximately 20-25 ft bgs within the bedrock |
| Area Treated: |
Approximately
1200 sq. ft at an interval between 20-65 ft bgs. |
| Effectiveness: |
Site-wide
groundwater contamination reduced by 98%.
All COCs were treated to ND or well below NJDEP groundwater criteria. |
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| Dry Cleaner | | Site Location: | Colorado | | Contamination: | Average concentrations of TCE (1,387 ug/l) and PCE (3,267 ug/l) | | Geology: | Semi-confined sand | | Area Treated: | Source area and plume | | Effectiveness: | Average TCE concentrations reduced by 98%, and average PCE concentrations reduced by 99% | |
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| Operational Dry Cleaners | | Site Location: | Northeast Florida | | Contamination: | Trichloroethene (200 ppb); Tetrachloroethene (54 ppb); and Trans 1,2-Dichloroethene (42 ppb) in groundwater. | | Geology: | Undifferentiated sediments consisting of sand and shell with some clay and clay-rich layers; water table is at approximately 8-10 ft bgs. | | Area Treated: | 8,500 Sq. ft area at 5-40 ft bgs vertical depth interval. | | Effectiveness: | All contaminants were treated to below applicable FDEP groundwater quality criteria (MCLs) throughout the site following ISOTEC pilot and full-scale treatment programs. A "Site Rehabilitation Completion Order" was issued. | |
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| Former Dry Cleaners - Source Area Plume Treatment | | Site Location: | Northeast Florida | | Contamination: | Trichloroethene (350 ppb); Tetrachloroethene (48 ppb); Vinyl Chloride (38 ppb); Cis-1,2 Dichloroethene (2,901 ppb);and Trans-1,2-Dichloroethene (146 ppb). | | Geology: | General shallow subsurface conditions at the site consist of very fine sands; water table at approximately 3 feet bgs. | | Area Treated: | 11,250 square feet at 3 to 20 feet bgs vertical depth interval. | | Effectiveness: | 90% reduction of total VOCs site wide. All concentrations reduced to below the PDEP natural attenuation default concentrations. | |
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| Manufacturing and Warehousing Facility | | Site Location: | Passaic County, New Jersey | | Contamination: | trans-1,2-Dichloroethene (18.8 ppb); cis-1,2-Dichloroethene (317,200 ppb); Xylenes (3,400 ppb); Ethylbenzene (2,000 ppb); Trichloroethene (78 ppb); and Vinyl Chloride (4,224 ppb) in groundwater | | Geology: | Silty and sandy soil; water table at approximately 8-10 ft bgs. | | Area Treated: | Approximately 1000 sq. ft | | Effectiveness: | Site-wide total VOCs was reduced from 278,849 ppb to 178 ppb. | |
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| Former Electronic Transformer Manufacturing Facility | | Site Location: | Ocean County, New Jersey | | Contamination: | Chloroform (25.59 ppb); 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (33.6 ppb); Trichloroethene (493 ppb); and Tetrachloroethene (212 ppb) | | Geology: | Sandy, silty, clay stratum (3 to 18 ft bgs) overlying basalt bedrock. Water table is at approximately 10 ft bgs. | | Area Treated: | Approximately 1,400 sq. ft | | Effectiveness: | Site-wide total VOCs was reduced by >70% with chlorinated VOCs decreased from 793 ppb to 269 ppb. NJDEP issued No Further Action letter and closed the case. | |
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| Former Manufacturing Facility | | Site Location: | Northern New Jersey | | Contamination: | Tetrachloroethene (203 ppb); Trichloroethene (0.4 ppb); and 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (0.5 ppb) | | Geology: | Fractured bedrock formation | | Area Treated: | ~20,000 sq. ft in Zone A (22’-26’) and bedrock (38’-67’) | | Effectiveness: | Total VOCs reduced by 74% in Zone A & 58% in bedrock. | |
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| Manufacturing Facility | | Site Location: | Southern Colorado | | Contamination: | Tetrachloroethene - PCE (50 ppb to 19,800 ppb in the plume; higher conc. in selected hot spots) | | Geology: | Sand + Clay formation up to 30 ft underlain by fractured shale; water table is at approximately 25 ft bgs | | Area Treated: | ~ 15,000 sq.ft with an interval of 20-30 ft bgs. | | Effectiveness: | Achieved over 75% reduction of PCE in DNAPL source area when both SVE and P/T systems failed to meet the remedial goals. Continued treatment is on going. | |
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| CERCLA Superfund Site | | Site Location: | Mid-Western United States | | Contamination: | 1,1-Dichloroethene (1,780 ppb); Methylene Chloride (3,180 ppb); Toluene (2,776 ppb); 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (33,100 ppb); Trichloroethene (29,400 ppb). | | Geology: | Saturated sand and gravel. | | Area Treated: | 1,500 Sq. ft area at 10-27 ft bgs vertical depth interval plus ex-situ treatment of 18,000 gallons purge water in a Frac Tank. | | Effectiveness: | Site-wide total VOCs and TICs reduced from 74,262 ppb to 7,347 ppb (90%). | |
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| Department of Defense Facility | | Site Location: | Eastern Pennsylvania | | Contamination: | Carbon Tetrachloride (1500 ppb); and Chloroform (190 ppb) in groundwater. | | Geology: | Sandy silt with some gravel to a depth of about 6 ft; below this it changes mostly to silt with some sand underlain by weathered bedrock. The water table is approximately 6-7 ft bgs. | | Area Treated: | ~5,650 Sq. ft area at 5-20 ft bgs vertical depth interval. | | Effectiveness: | Site-wide Carbon Tetrachloride reduced by 86% and Chloroform by 76%. | |
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| Manufacturing and Warehousing Facility | | Site Location: | Bergen County, New Jersey | | Contamination: | Trichloroethene (19,805 ppb); trans & cis-1,2-Dichloroethene (113,660 ppb) and Vinyl Chloride (17,570 ppb) in groundwater. | | Geology: | Silty soil, saturated zone from 5’-40’ bgs; water table is at approximately 5-8 ft bgs. | | Area Treated: | 5,400 Sq. ft area at 5-40 ft bgs vertical depth interval. | | Effectiveness: | Total VOCs reduced by 98% from 151,476 ppb to 3,180 ppb. | |
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| Former Dry Cleaner | | Site Location: | South Florida | | Contamination: | Trichloroethene (14,555 ppb); Tetrachloroethene (26,598 ppb); Vinyl Chloride (18,112 ppb); and Cis-1,2-dichloroethene (283,219 ppb). | | Geology: | Medium grain quartz sand with silty soil & limestone fragments to 42 feet bgs; indurated carbonate sandstone & limestone to 83’ bgs; water table at 6 ft bgs. | | Area Treated: | ~24,000 Sq. ft area at 5-40 ft bgs vertical depth interval. | | Effectiveness: | Total VOC’s reduced by 87% from 346,204 ppb to 41,976 ppb. Additional treatment is on-going. | |
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| Naval Air Station | | Site Location: | Southern California | | Contamination: | Trichloroethene (96,400 ppb in groundwater). | | Geology: | Poorly sorted medium to fine grain sand; water table at approximately 20 ft bgs. | | Area Treated: | 1,250 Sq. ft area at 20-60 ft bgs vertical depth interval. | | Effectiveness: | Overall 60% destruction of TCE in treated area with 95% reduction in source area. | |
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| Former Cosmetic Manufacturing Plant | | Site Location: | Central New Jersey | | Contamination: | Ethanol (354,943 ppb), Trichloroethene (31,162 ppb), Methylene Chloride (10,200 ppb), Trichlorofluoromethane (51,762 ppb) & 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (11,166 ppb). | | Geology: | Fractured bedrock aquifer. Water table is at approximately 14-25 ft bgs. | | Area Treated: | 3,500 Sq. ft area at 40-155 ft bgs vertical depth interval. | | Effectiveness: | Site-wide total VOCs reduced by 93% from 108,380 ppb to 7,328 ppb. Site-wide Ethanol concentrations reduced by 99% from 354,943 ppb to 4,591 ppb | |
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