Dry cleaning facilities have been an environmental problem for decades due to the release of chemicals used in the cleaning process. Leaking underground storage tanks (USTs) and illegal dumping of hazardous chemicals into drains, catch basins and wooded areas behind dry cleaning facilities have led to impacted soil, ground water and dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) contamination with chlorinated volatile organic contaminants (CVOCs) such as trichloroethene (TCE), tetrachloroethene (PCE), cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-1,2-DCE) and vinyl chloride.

Former Dry Cleaner (Isotec Case Study 16)

• Site Location: South Florida
• Contamination: Trichloroethene (14,555 µg/l ); Tetrachloroethene (26,598 µg/l ); Vinyl Chloride (18,112 µg/l ); and Cis-1,2-dichloroethene (283,219 µg/l ).
• Geology: Medium grain quartz sand with silty soil & limestone fragments to 42 feet bgs; indurated carbonate sandstone & limestone to 83' bgs; water table at 6 ft bgs.
• Area Treated: ~24,000 Sq. ft area at 5-40 ft bgs vertical depth interval.
• Effectiveness: Total VOC's reduced by 87% from 346,204 µg/l to 41,976 µg/l.

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• Site Location: Northeast Florida
• Contamination: Trichloroethene (200 µg/l ); Tetrachloroethene (54 µg/l ); and Trans 1,2-
• Dichloroethene (42 µg/l ) in groundwater.
• Geology: Undifferentiated sediments consisting of sand and shell with some clay and clay-rich layers; water table is at approximately 8-10 ft bgs.
• Area Treated: 8,500 Sq. ft area at 5-40 ft bgs vertical depth interval.
• Effectiveness: All contaminants were treated to below the applicable FDEP groundwater quality criteria (MCLs) throughout the site following ISOTEC pilot and full-scale treatment programs. A "Site Rehabilitation Completion Order" was issued.

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• Site Location: Northeast Florida
• Contamination: Trichloroethene (350 m g/l); Tetrachloroethene (48 m g/l); Vinyl Chloride (38 m g/l ); Cis-1,2-Dichloroethene ( January 12, 2010
• Geology: General shallow subsurface conditions at the site consist of very fine sands ; water table at approximately 3 ft bgs.
• Area Treated: 11,250 Sq. ft area at 3-20 ft bgs vertical depth interval.
• Effectiveness: 90% reduction of total VOCs site-wide. All concentrations reduced to below the FDEP natural attenuation default concentrations.

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• Site Location: Atlanta, GA
• Contamination: Average Concentrations: Trichloroethene (117 ug/l); Tetrachloroethene (1,444 ug/l); and Cis-1,2-Dichloroethene (100 ug/l).
• Geology: Sands in the vadose and the saturated zones and fractured rock in the deeper zone. Depth to groundwater is ~18 ft bgs; hydraulic conductivity is 5.9 ft/day.
• Area Treated: ~8,000 Sq. ft total area. Target treatment zone ranged from ~2-18 ft bgs (unsaturated zone), ~18-55 ft bgs (saturated zone), and up to 80 ft bgs (fractured rock).
• Effectiveness: GW: 83% reduction of total VOCs site-wide after 1st treatment event, which improved to 89% reduction (except MW-29) after 2nd treatment event. Soil: Treated to ND concentrations.

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• Site Location: Denver, Colorado
• Contamination: PCE (3,267 µg/L) and TCE (1,542 µg/L).
• Geology: Approximately 3 feet of permeable sand and gravel situated on top of siltstone bedrock and overlain by clay. Siltstone at 10-15 feet bgs. Clay at 0-9 feet bgs. The groundwater at the site appears to be confined to the permeable zone overlying the siltstone.
• Area Treated: Phase I treatment targeted the source area (15-foot spacing) while Phase II treatments targeted the entire plume (30-foot spacing).
• Effectiveness: Following quarterly sampling events conducted over a 1-year time frame, both PCE and TCE were reduced by greater than 99%.

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